Ruby and Sapphire are the same mineral, known to mineralogists as corunudum. Due to trace metals, ruby and sapphire have different colors. Such gems are found in geological environments with high aluminum concentrations. By using geology and geochemistry, the author discovered a half-dozen ruby and sapphire deposits and identified traces of several other deposits that indicate many more ruby and sapphire deposits should be found in the future in the Cowboy state.